The Purpose of the Crusades from 1096 AD to 1270 AD Essay Essay Example

The Purpose of the Crusades from 1096 AD to 1270 AD Essay Paper The Crusades are considered as an built-in portion of World History. They were important events for Islam and Christendom likewise. What are the Crusades all about? Why did they happen? What was its intent? This research paper aims to discourse the definition. beginning and most significantly. the intent of the Crusades. Definition of Campaign The Crusades are military jaunts with a spiritual aim. as these are sanctioned by the Pope and the Church ( Sloan. 2000 ; â€Å"Crusades–Battles. † 2008 ) . Originally. the word â€Å"Crusade† meant all missions accomplished on the promise of salvaging the Christian districts from Muslim business ( Brehier. 1908 ) . However. during the mediaeval times. the word had acquired a cover definition. as it came to include all wars against enemies of Christendom ( Brehier. 1908 ) . All the Crusades occurred between the eleventh and the 13th centuries A. D. ( â€Å"Crusades–Battles. † 2008 ) . We will write a custom essay sample on The Purpose of the Crusades from 1096 AD to 1270 AD Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Purpose of the Crusades from 1096 AD to 1270 AD Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Purpose of the Crusades from 1096 AD to 1270 AD Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Harmonizing to Sloan ( 2000 ) . the term â€Å"crusade† was derived from the Portuguese wordcruzado. which means â€Å"mark with a cross. † Other beginnings. on the other manus. province that the word meant â€Å"cloth cross† ( Brehier. 1908 ; â€Å"Crusades-Battles. † 2008 ) . As the definition implies. the symbol for the Crusades was the Christian cross ( â€Å"Crusades–Battles. † 2008 ) . and it was secured on the garment worn by the Crusaders ( Brehier. 1908 ; Sloan. 2000 ) . Beginning of Crusades The Crusades were the consequence of a metempsychosis of spiritual ardor in 10th century Europe ( Sloan. 2000 ) . However. this was non the lone ground. as the people who were involved with the Campaigns joined because of personal involvements every bit good ( Sloan. 2000 ) . The Crusades were besides called â€Å"holy wars. † as they provided a locale for the pontificate to pay a legitimate war against the enemies of Christianity ( Sloan. 2000 ) . The Crusades besides gave the spiritual an chance to obtain redemption by agencies of pilgrims journey ( Sloan. 2000 ) . Four centuries prior. similar pilgrims journeies have occurred because of the ongoing feud between the Muslims and the Christians ( Sloan. 2000 ) . The finishs of the said pilgrims journeies include the countries where both faiths meet. illustrations of which are Sicily. Italy. Asia Minor and Spain ( Sloan. 2000 ) . Jerusalem is another pilgrim finish ( Sloan. 2000 ) . In a manner. the Crusades were highly helpful to the pontificate. and it is non merely because of the Pope’s aim of taking back lands from the custodies of Muslims. The Crusades besides served to interpret the combatant inclinations of the Christians into a productive enterprise ( Sloan. 2000 ) . The Crusades enjoyed popularity and intense support from the Christians merely because they were a manifestation of a Godhead licence to contend other work forces in the name of redemption ( Sloan. 2000 ) . Meanwhile. the attempts of the Crusaders helped the Church spread the influence of Christianity all over the universe ( Sloan. 2000 ) . The Crusades began in the 11th century. and stemmed from the bing issues of morality and political relations of Western Christendom ( Brehier. 1908 ) . The twelvemonth 1095 marked the thirtieth day of remembrance of William the Conqueror’s success in the fusion of England ( â€Å"The Church and the Crusaders. † 2007 ) . However. the Gallic had delegated the districts to certain relations. spliting it in the procedure ( â€Å"The Church and the Crusaders. † 2007 ) . It was these districts that caused feud between brothers. which subsequently resulted in warfare ( â€Å"The Church and the Crusaders. † 2007 ) . That is why during that period. Europe consisted of many provinces which were ruled by sovereign ( Brehier. 1908 ) . These sovereigns were excessively preoccupied with territorial struggles while the emperor. who governed over Christendom. was engrossed with coronation jobs ( Brehier. 1908 ) . Merely the Catholic Pope had a considerable capacity to unite the provinces ; hence. merely the pontificate could originate such an ambitious enterprise like the Crusades ( Brehier. 1908 ) . The governments did recognize that Europe was really much susceptible to menaces from the Byzantine Empire and the Muslims ( Brehier. 1908 ) . However. the Catholic Pope could non easy convince people to take part in a bold journey like the Crusades for the ground of the mere chase of Jerusalem ( Brehier. 1908 ) . Fortunately for the Catholic Pope. the pressing issues with Syria were plenty to actuate Christians to ship on the Crusades. and Pope Urban II did non hold much trouble looking for participants ( Brehier. 1908 ) . The latter portion of the 5th century saw the uninterrupted exposure to the East. Cities such as Gaul and Italy were visited by Syrians who brought with them Eastern humanistic disciplines. civilization and faith ( Brehier. 1908 ) . In add-on. Western Christians have travelled to topographic points such as Syria. Palestine and Egypt. largely because they wanted to travel to Jerusalem. There were so many pilgrims journeies to the East. and even onslaughts by savages did non decrease the Numberss. As a response to the demands of the legion pilgrims journeies. St. Gregory the Great built a hospice for the pilgrims in Jerusalem in 600 AD ( Brehier. 1908 ) . The early portion of the 8th century saw the troubles the Anglo-saxons had to confront merely to make the Holy Land ( Brehier. 1908 ) . An illustration of such adversity which was the instance of St. Willibald. Bishop of Eichstadt. whose pilgrims journey lasted seven long old ages ( Brehier. 1908 ) . Following their victory in the West. the Carolingians sought to better the province of the Latin citizens situated in the Eastern district ( Brehier. 1908 ) . This determination resulted in the understanding between Pepin the Short and Caliph of Bagdad ( Brehier. 1908 ) . Through the representatives from Haroun al-Rashid. the â€Å"keys to the Holy Sepulchre. the streamer from Jerusalem and some cherished relics† were given to the King of Franks ( Brehier. 1908. parity. 6 ) on November 30. 800. This gesture was symbolic. as it came to mean the â€Å"Frankish associated state over the Christians of Jerusalem† ( Brehier. 1908. parity. 6 ) . Seventy old ages after. Bernard the Monk went on a journey to Jerusalem. and found that the agreement was still upheld. There was prosperity and growing for the constitutions. a testament to the regular sending of alms to Jerusalem from the West ( Brehier. 1908 ) . However. things began to alter by the 10th century. Europe was confronting a sociopolitical crisis. and the pilgrims journeies were all of a sudden disrupted by Muslims ( Brehier. 1908 ) . The Muslims. under the leading of Caliph Omar. have occupied Jerusalem in 637 AD ( â€Å"The Crusaders. † n. d. ) . Since so. Jerusalem had been under Muslim control. Despite this. spiritual tolerance between the two religions existed ( â€Å"The Crusaders. † n. d. ) . The Muslims gave the pilgrims permission to travel about with their spiritual enterprises. granted that they were to pay for them to be allowed entree ( â€Å"The Crusaders. † n. d. ) . On the other manus. they prohibited the building of new churches and the exhibition of crosses outside church premises ( â€Å"The Crusaders. † n. d. ) . The civil relation between Islam and Christianity was sustained for 400 old ages ( â€Å"The Crusaders. † n. d. ) . until the torment occurred ( Sloan. 2000 ) . It was found that Muslims were hassling those that visited the Holy Land. which made the trips to Jerusalem about intolerable. The state of affairs got worse. as the Fatimite Caliph of Egypt named Hakem demanded that all Christian establishments destroyed in 1009. including the Holy Sepulchre. ( Brehier. 1908 ) . The wake of this event resulted in widespread Christian subjugation ( Brehier. 1908 ) . The twelvemonth 1027 saw the overthrow of the Frankish associated state. which was later replaced by the Byzantine emperors ( Brehier. 1908 ) . As a people. the Muslims were non conditioned to be ever at war ; it is their faith that is responsible for their combatant dispositions ( Madden. 2002 ) . This is because Islam had ever been rooted in war ( Madden. 2002 ) . Even during Mohammed’s epoch. Islam had to fall back to warfare to distribute its beliefs ( Madden. 2002 ) . Islamic thought had long upheld a duality of the universe through the two residences. the Abode of Islam and the Abode of War ( Madden. 2002 ) . Both residences were for Muslims merely. go forthing no room for any other faith. However. tolerance is still possible. but merely within the parametric quantities established by Islam ( Madden. 2002 ) . This tolerance. on the other manus. was non an original facet of Islam. Harmonizing to Islamic beliefs. the belongingss and districts of other faiths. such as Christianity and Judaism. should be eradicated and seized ( Madden. 2002 ) . This belief likely originated during the 7th century. the clip when Mohammed was contending against Mecca ( Madden. 2002 ) . Back so. Christianity was highly influential and had legion districts to its name. doing it susceptible to Muslim onslaughts ( Madden. 2002 ) . After Mohammed died. the Muslims devoted their lives to the conflict against Christianity ( Madden. 2002 ) . They did so win in this enterprise ; one by one. Christian districts fell in the custodies of the Muslims. Jerusalem included. Despite the Muslim bullying. pilgrims continued to continue to Jerusalem in the 11th century. If earlier pilgrims journeies consisted of members of the wealthier category. this clip even in-between category citizens participated in the pilgrims journeies ( Brehier. 1908 ) . The figure of pilgrims increased ; Richard. Abbot of Saint-Vannes. brought 700 pilgrims with him in 1026. while Gunther. Bishop of Bamberg. led 12. 000 Germans to the Holy Land ( Brehier. 1908 ) . It was Gunther’s group that had to support themselves from Bedouins. turn outing that the faithful were excessively devoted to the Holy Sepulchre to withdraw ( Brehier. 1908 ) . This is a testament to the dedication of the pilgrims. that even though they knew the danger inherent in the trip. they still proceeded. They would volitionally put on the line their lives for this spiritual enterprise. However. it was the Seljukian Turks who became the biggest menace to the pilgrims. the Byzantine Empire and Christendom as a whole ( Brehier. 1908 ) . One by one. districts were sacked and captured by the Turks: Jerusalem was the first to be captured. rapidly followed by Asia Minor. Syria and Antioch ( Brehier. 1908 ) . Soon. all the districts were under Turkish control. The offenses committed by the Turks against the Christians were plenty: shrines were desecrated. pilgrims were either beat up. kidnapped or killed. while relics and other belongingss were stolen. This state of affairs prompted the Constantinople emperors to inquire the Catholic Popes for aid. which resulted in communicating between Michael VII and Gregory VII ( Brehier. 1908 ) . The Purpose of Crusades Because of the Seljukian Turks’ onslaught towards Byzantine Empire and Christendom. the thought of the Crusades emerged. The initial thought consisted of the Catholic Pope directing out military personnels to the East with three aims in head: â€Å"to re-establish Christian integrity. repel the Turks. and rescue the Holy Sepulchre† ( Brehier. 1908. parity. 8 ) . Unfortunately. this program was non put into action ; there were several factors that served as hinderances. To get down with. the Investitures had the Catholic Pope preoccupied ( Brehier. 1908 ) . Besides. emperors Nicephorus Botaniates and Alexius Comnenus both disapproved of a Roman spiritual brotherhood. Last. the war that had all of a sudden erupted between the Normans of the Sicilies and the Byzantine Empire was another factor ( Brehier. 1908 ) . The Birth of the Campaign However. the Crusades still came into fruition. this clip under the authorization of Pope Urban II ( Brehier. 1908 ) . In fact. many historiographers consider the construct of the Crusades as Pope Urban II’s inspiration ( Brehier. 1908 ) . In the twelvemonth 1095. Pope Urban II had a conference in Clermont. France ( â€Å"The Crusaders. † n. d. ) . After eight yearss. the Catholic Pope delivered a address to the crowd. in which he declared his desire to salvage Jerusalem from the custodies of the Muslims ( â€Å"The Crusaders. † n. d. ) . Pope Urban II besides said that all those who would take part would hold unsusceptibility from the wickednesss that will be committed in the Crusades ( â€Å"The Crusaders. † n. d. ) . The crowd responded good to the pope’s call. and answered him with the statement: â€Å"It is the will of God† ( â€Å"The Crusaders. † n. d. . parity. 2 ) . The Unofficial Crusade under Peter the Hermit However. it was Peter the Hermit who started the Crusades. From Picardy. he had traveled to Jerusalem and saw the Holy Sepulchre for himself ( Brehier. 1908 ) . It was this visit that encouraged Peter the Hermit to near the Catholic Pope about his purposes about the Crusade. In bend. Pope Urban II gave Peter the Hermit his approval ( Brehier. 1908 ) . Hence. it was Peter the Hermit who led the first campaign. despite its unofficial position ( â€Å"The Crusades Begin. † n. d. ) . The campaign of Peter the Hermit began in 1095. in which he gave discourses to provincials to promote them to take part in the campaigns ( â€Å"The Crusades Begin. † 2007 ) . As a consequence. he had gathered a little group of people who would travel to Jerusalem ( â€Å"The Crusades Begin. † 2007 ) . It was Peter the Hermit’s ardor for prophesying that worked to his advantage. It was this quality that converted provincials into reformers. people who embraced his instructions so much that he was considered as a saint ( â€Å"The Crusades Begin. † 2007 ) . Regardless of his part to the Crusades. the bookmans have downplayed his portion. doing him look less of import than how he was earlier portrayed by the likes of Albert of Aix and William of Tyre ( Brehier. 1908 ) . Unfortunately. the campaign of Peter the Hermit was unsuccessful. The reformers exhibited disorderly behavior while going ; they stole nutrient and supplies from the people’s places ( â€Å"The Crusades Begin. † 2007 ) . In add-on. they killed Hebrews while they were still in the European district ( â€Å"The Crusades Begin. † 2007 ) . The first functionary Crusade had one simple aim: the retrieval of Jerusalem from Muslim control ( â€Å"The First Crusade. † 2008 ) . In a military position. this was the most winning among all the other Crusades ( United Methodist Women. n. d. ) . The first Crusade invaded the Holy Land. an onslaught that lasted for five hebdomads ( Metropolitan Museum of Art [ MET ] . 2007 ) . In 1099. Christianity had gained Jerusalem back ( MET. 2007 ) . The Second Crusade occurred between 1147 and 1149. and was led by Abbot Bernard of Clairvaux ( MET. 2007 ) . This was non every bit successful as the first 1. because the Muslim forces had regained their strength ( MET. 2007 ) . By October 1187. under the leading of Salah al-Din. the Muslim military personnels recaptured the Holy Land ( MET. 2007 ) . The Third Crusade was successful. insofar as it recaptured Cyprus and Acre metropolis ( MET. 2007 ) . The most destructive Campaign. non to advert the most dissatisfactory for the Church was the Fourth Crusade ( MET. 2007 ) . The Crusaders deviated from the original program. and attacked Constantinople alternatively ( MET. 2007 ) . There were three more Campaigns after. In decision. the Crusades were rooted in the defence against Muslim aggression. The chief intent of the Crusades was to repossess control over the Holy Land. and unite Christendom one time once more. The Crusades are so a important portion of history. as it plays a cardinal function in the development and growing of Islam and Christianity. Regardless of one’s faith. these events must be considered so that the errors committed in the past must non be repeated. In the terminal. the difference in faith must be celebrated and respected. Mentions AllAboutGod. com. ( 2008 ) . Crusades-battles. Retrieved February 8. 2008. from hypertext transfer protocol: //www. allaboutgod. com/crusades. htm Brehier. L. ( 1908 ) .The Catholic encyclopaedia( D. Potter. trans. ) New York: Robert Appleton Company. EyeWitnesstoHistory. com. ( n. d. ) . The reformers capture Jerusalem. 1099. Retrieved February 8. 2008. from hypertext transfer protocol: //www. eyewitnesstohistory. com/crusades. htm HistoryLearningSite. co. ( 2008 ) . The first campaign. Retrieved February 8. 2008. from hypertext transfer protocol: //historylearningsite. co. uk/cru2. htm Madden. T. F. ( 2002 ) . The existent history of the campaigns.Crisis Magazine. 20 ( 4 ). n. P. MedievalCrusades. com. ( 2007 ) . The church and the reformers. Retrieved February 8. 2008. from hypertext transfer protocol: //www. medievalcrusades. com/ MedievalCrusades. com. ( 2007 ) . The campaigns begin. Retrieved February 8. 2008. from hypertext transfer protocol: //www. medievalcrusades. com/crusadesbegin. htm Metropolitan Museum of Art. ( 2007 ) . The campaigns ( 1095-1291 ) . Retrieved February 8. 2008. from hypertext transfer protocol: //www. metmuseum. org/toah/hd/crus/hd_crus. htm Sloan. J. ( 2000 ) . The campaigns in the Levant ( 1097-1291 ) . Retrieved February 8. 2008. from hypertext transfer protocol: //xenophongroup. com/montjoie/crusade2. htm United Methodist Women. ( n. d. ) The Christian reformers. Retrieved February 8. 2008. from hypertext transfer protocol: //gbgm-umc. org/UMW/bible/crusades. short-term memory

Interlanguage Definition and Examples

Interlanguage Definition and Examples Interlanguage is the type of language or linguistic system used by second- and foreign-language learners who are in the process of learning a target language. Interlanguage pragmatics is the study of the ways non-native speakers acquire, comprehend, and use linguistic patterns or speech acts in a second language. Interlanguage theory is generally credited to Larry Selinker, an American professor of applied linguistics whose article Interlanguage appeared in the January 1972 issue of the journal International Review of Applied Linguistics in Language Teaching. Examples and Observations [Interlanguage] reflects the learners evolving system of rules, and results from a variety of processes, including the influence of the first language (transfer), contrastive interference from the target language, and the overgeneralization of newly encountered rules. (David Crystal, A Dictionary of Linguistics and Phonetics) Fossilization The process of learning a second language (L2) is characteristically non-linear and fragmentary, marked by a mixed landscape of rapid progression in certain areas but slow movement, incubation, or even permanent stagnation in others. Such a process results in a linguistic system known as interlanguage (Selinker, 1972), which, to varying degrees, approximates that of the target language (TL). In the earliest conception (Corder, 1967; Nemser, 1971; Selinker, 1972), interlanguage is metaphorically a halfway house between the first language (L1) and the TL, hence inter. The L1 is purportedly the source language that provides the initial building materials to be gradually blended with materials taken from the TL, resulting in new forms that are neither in the L1 nor in the TL. This conception, though lacking in sophistication in the view of many contemporary L2 researchers, identifies a defining characteristic of L2 learning, initially known as fossilization (Selinker, 1972) and later on broadly referred to as incompleteness (Schachter, 1988, 1996), relative to the ideal version of a monolingual native speaker. It has been claimed that the notion of fossilization is what spurs the field of second language acquisition (SLA) into existence (Han and Selinker, 2005; Long, 2003). Thus, a fundamental concern in L2 research has been that learners typically stop short of target-like attainment, i.e., the monolingual native speakers competence, in some or all linguistic domains, even in environments where input seems abundant, motivation appears strong, and opportunity for communicative practice is plentiful. (ZhaoHong Han, Interlanguage and Fossilization: Towards an Analytic Model in Contemporary Applied Linguistics: Language Teaching and Learning) Universal Grammar A number of researchers pointed out quite early on the need to consider interlanguage grammars in their own right with respect to principles and parameters of U[niversal] G[rammar], arguing that one should not compare L2 learners to native speakers of the L2 but instead consider whether interlanguage grammars are natural language systems (e.g., duPlessis et al., 1987; Finer and Broselow, 1986; Liceras, 1983; Martohardjono and Gair, 1993; Schwartz and Sprouse, 1994; White, 1992b). These authors have shown that L2 learners may arrive at representations which indeed account for the L2 input, though not in the same way as the grammar of a native speaker. The issue, then, is whether the interlanguage representation is a possible grammar, not whether it is identical to the L2 grammar. (Lydia White, On the Nature of Interlanguage Representation in The Handbook of Second Language Acquisition) Psycholinguistics [T]he significance of interlanguage theory lies in the fact that it is the first attempt to take into account the possibility of learner conscious attempts to control their learning. It was this view that initiated an expansion of research into psychological processes in interlanguage development whose aim was to determine what learners do in order to help facilitate their own learning, i.e., which learning strategies they employ (Griffiths Parr, 2001). It seems, however, that the research of Selinkers learning strategies, with the exception of transfer, has not been taken up by other researchers. (ViÃ… ¡nja PaviÄ ić TakaÄ , Vocabulary Learning Strategies and Foreign Language Acquisition)

Human Rights Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 4

Human Rights - Essay Example Every living individual is entitled to enjoy his or her protection no matter where he or she comes from. According to UDHR, justice is the main purpose, which is to ensure that justice, and peace reigns worldwide. It ensures that there is a rule of law, and its greatest aspiration is to ensure that all the human race is treated the same and equality given the urgency it deserves (Kant 296). This is because balanced development is achievable, throughout the world, if the human rights are protected. However, this cannot be achieved if both men and women are not given equal opportunities to express their worth. UDHR also leads to improved living standards. The freedoms of people must be maintained in order to have productive individuals, who are full of life and goal-oriented. The universal declaration of human rights, therefore, states that all individuals are free and entitled to every right stipulated in the declaration as long as their action is within the law (Kant 299). This is because freedom leads to utilitarianism. People having autonomy to act and go on with their businesses, the way they deem fit, will automatically increase their happiness and significantly reduce their suffering. Their action will be in the course with the law because they are comfortable and enjoying the fruits of their moral behavior and actions (DeLaet 47). According to UDHR, liberty is fundamental in ensuring that the right course of action is followed and that everybody is happy (DeLaet 54). According to Utilitarian perspective, liberty is the ability of individuals to control their own action and be able to make a difference between rights and wrong (DeLaet 54). It is the guiding principle in the execution of either individual or public action. This is because it gives people the option of either acting within the rules laid down, in article three of the universal

The Democrats and Republicans before the Civil War Essay

The Democrats and Republicans before the Civil War - Essay Example Congressman Preston Brooks of South Carolina severely beat abolitionist Senator Charles Sumner of Massachusetts with a cane after the latter made an impassioned speech about the deteriorating situation in the disputed state of Kansas, where hostilities had exploded around the issue of slavery (â€Å"Bleeding Kansas†). The Democratic Party platform (Cooper 36–39), resolutely promoting the interests of the Southern slaveholders, was explicit in its calls for limited Federal government powers -- in effect placing more authority in the hands of individual states. A portion of the opening statement that stated it would be â€Å"inexpedient and dangerous† for the Federal government to â€Å"exercise doubtful constitutional powers† left very little mystery regarding the remaining thrust of the document. Adopting a â€Å"strict constructionist† interpretation of the Constitution, the Democrats further posited that general powers were not granted to the central government in relation to commerce, to conduct â€Å"improvements,† or to assume debt for the individual states. Also addressed were the national administration’s right to disperse funds from public lands or to charter a national bank. All of the aforementioned matters had a direct bearing on the ultimate ability of the central government to exercise any overarching powers to control individual states, especially on the slavery question. A weak, non-invasive, decentralized government was exactly what Southern politicians desired. While the Democratic platform gradually worked up to addressing the issue of slavery directly, the Republican Party immediately got to the heart of the matter (Cooper 39–40). Right at the outset, their platform declared that Kansas should be admitted to the Union as a free state. Refuting the Democratic Party’s desire for a weak Federal government, the Republicans declared that the Constitution conferred sovereign power to Congress over the

IPhone 6 Marketing Plan

IPhone 6 Marketing Plan I am going to launch I phone 6. Its a mobile phone without keypad. Its a touch screen phone. You can also use it as a mini computer. It has Microsoft windows 9 with latest software. It has all the latest technology from apple. I am going to explain how I will do the marketing of this product. Marketing planning process for iphone 6: 1) Mission statement: Give something new to the new generation. Its bring the world in the hand of the customer its make life essyer. Its bring new technology to the customer. We are offing the best product in the market. We 1.1) Cooperative objective: We want to see that more customers are willing to buy this product by end of this year. We want to attract more and more consumer. We want to create more jobs in the market in next few years and will make a place of our own in the market. promise the product will be latest technology and affordable for the consumers. 2) Marketing audit: 2.1) Who are the competitor: My products main competitors are Blackberry Storm, Palm Pre, Motorola Droid , HTC Droid Eris, Samsung etc. 2.2) Swot Analysis: SWOT analysis is a very important analysis for lunching a new product. Strengths and weaknesses are the internal and opportunity and threat are the external analysis. Strengths: Strong brand image. Advanced smart phone technology. Application/update availability. Selective providers. Weaknesses: Limited product selection. New entrant stage. International markets. Insufficient network/system Opportunities: Protocol-based network. Nice market. Online capability/options App store Overall pricing control Threats: Product diversification Immense competitors Superior technology Dependence on their third party supplier 2.3) Pest analysing: Its a very important analysis for lunch a new product. It is a external analysis. Political: For lunch any new product like I phone 6 must operate under Political factors include government regulations and legal issues and define both formal and informal rules. Like Tax policy, Employment laws, Environmental regulations, Trade restrictions, Political stability etc. Economic: Economic factors will affect the purchasing power of potential customers and the products cost of capital. Some examples of the economy: economic growth, exchange rates, Inflation rate etc. Social: Social factors include the demographic and cultural aspects of the external macro  environment. Its involved customer needs and the size of possible markets. Some example: Population growth rate Age distribution, Career attitudes, Stress on safety What is the popular religion etc. Technology: Some technological factors you must analysis for lunch a new product : RD activity, computerization, technology motivations, Rate of technological change etc. 2.4) The compatiteve advantage : Apple has two types of advantages: Internal advantage: The main internal advantage is Appel that it has focused on in its design for the I phone 6. External advantage: the main external advantage are, a) the apple brand name b) The simplicity of it user interface c) The advanced technology incorporated in to its design. 3) Marketing strategy 3.1) Who are the target market: Apple target alll kind of people who wants new tecnology. They resarch about peoples needs and wants. The iPhone targets consumers who need to store information and communicate or people who want entertainment on the go. Apples target segments consist of professionals, students, corporate users, entrepreneurs, and health care workers. 3.2) Positioning: Large company with various products Apple has too many consumers, rather targeting a particular segment. But because of buyer both users and network operator crave a latest frills the iphone will be a high demand until a better and more advance product is introduced. Position Consumer price Expensive Iphone 6 Technical Product and Designing / Basic Cheap 3.3) The marketing mix: The marketing mix is often referred to as the Four Ps since the most important elements of marketing are concerned with: Product the product that the customer obtains. Price how much the customer pays for the product. Place- how the product is distributed to the customer. Promotion how the customer is found and persuaded to buy the product. 4) Implement : Iphone assess the product climate in which it will implement the marketing strategy. Iphone will Study the competition and develop a plan for differentiating the product from others. Developing communication strategies for letting customers know how the product is different, by mentioning the curbside service in ads. Iphone will survey the customers in order to learn who they are and what they want from the products. It will use informal surveying techniques such as speaking to the clientele directly and asking how it can better meet their needs. Also perform formal marketing research by asking customers to fill out questionnaires in person or online. Will Offer free products in exchange for their time and feedback. WordsI(791) Question 2 :Discuss market segmentation and customer segmentation process 1) Market segmentation: Market segmentation is the process to identify customers is they worldwide group or individual customers. Are they all the same the same quality who is likely to exhibit similar responses to a marketing mix? The purpose for segmenting a market is to allow your marketing/sales program to focus on the subset of prospects that are most likely to purchase youre offering. It have to be done properly this will help to insure the highest return for your marketing/sales expenditures. Depending on whether you are selling your offering to individual consumers or a business, there are definite differences in what you will consider when defining market segments. 2) Customer segmentation: Customer segmentation is the practice of dividing a customer base into groups of individuals that are similar in specific ways relevant to marketing, such as age, gender, interests, spending habits, and so on. Customer segmentation procedures include: deciding what data will be collected and how it will be gathered; collecting data and integrating data from various sources; developing methods of data analysis for segmentation; establishing effective communication among relevant business units about the segmentation; and implementing applications to effectively deal with the data and respond to the information it provides.   For understanding the customer segmentation you have to discuses about, 2.1) Customer needs and wants: What kind of product customer wants and needs you must be understood after lunching any new product. For example when weather going to be could at this time people needs warm cloth at this time if you produced warm cloth people state way go for it . 2.2) Identify most attractive segments for coustumer  : Coustomers are attracted by the looks of an product and where there wants needs are taken to count. Also coustomers are atracted by the latest technpology. Words  :292 . Question no 3: Analyse the factor behind choosing one or more segments with regards to targeting: For discussing the factor behind choosing one or more segments with regards to targeting I choosing Apple I phone. How well are existing segments? Apple has really done well for itself with the iphone. The fastest-growing segment in the mobile phone industry is the smart phone segment, and its been growing every year growing 72% over 2006. How large is the segment, and how can we expect it to grow: Do we have strengths as A company that will help us appeal particularly to one group of consumers: Apple has lot of strengths which can help you to appeal to one group of consumer. Some of strengths are, Apple is one of the most established and healthy IT brands in the World, Product development. Doesnt invent the market, but its products set high standards for the market. Design and utility. Sleek, not clunky. For instance, the desktop computer is part of the screen, not a separate box with wires; the iPhone has very few buttons and feels nice in the hand. Products are easy to use, almost intuitive Apple understands is consumer base maintains a semblance of brand loyalty and also beasts a unique Mac operating system. Question no 4: choose a product or service that has changed the mind of consumers and identify the factors behind which contributed to its growth in the market place: I choose the iphone 4 which change the mind of consumer. How iphone 4 change the consumers mind and why people choose it its given below: What kind of benefit has as a product: The iPhone has an innovative touch screen that is patented and unmatched by any other mobile product today. It also has many functions of other mobile products all in one device. The phone will work with itunes and with other Mac/Apple products like the new Apple TV, allowing for wireless connectivity to the big screen. The iPhone is also compatible with many Mac OS software tools. Mac OS compatibility means that the iPhone has limitless potential for upgradeability. The all-new touch screen interface making operations extremely intuitive, it is radically different from those of other phones or PDAs that recognizes multi finger gestures, just as the human hand normally behaves. The Mac OS X application imbedded into the iPhone assures users will easily recognize what they can do. The iphone 4 had great technological innovations like the original Macintosh. Why it is unique: it has latest technology, up store for a Mac book, high class touch screen, easy internet accesses thats why its different than other phones and customer choose this phone. Price: $350, the iPhone would be sold at a reasonable price for its value. It outperforms any other PDA or smart phone on the market and the convenience of having multiple features combined into one-device increases its overall value. Quality The iPhone has one of the brightest and most scratch resistant screens in the market. It also has a fine metallic finish that is durable and light. The software suite included is also unsurpassed with their ease of use and resistance to computer viruses. Mobile Culture: Mobile Culture is the technical division of Label Networks that specializes on designing and developing applications for the mobile generation. Having developed wireless applications in various youth markets, Iphone has a deep understanding of the mobile lifestyle, and the potential and future growth of this market. Iphone are now offering this mobile experience to brand and organizations via Iphone new division dubbed the Mobile Culture Lab. Iphone group is versed in solving complex technical applications for both the iPhone and Android mobile devices, yet also an eye for design aesthetic and user experience. Customer feedback:  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   From iphons reviwes we can see that some coustomers are very satisfy with the available wifi. Some said they had no connections. Some customers apparantly the signal was just too weak. The content is great and they are very happy with the application itself. Some said this is pretty sweet! they can access hundreds of free audio and video files that will let them keep learning on the move. Coustomer service: The customer service executives of the phone operators are not allowed to reveal the private and confidential data of one client to a person. Iphone has very good coustomer service they are customer service line open from 9am-5pm monday-Friday and saterdy 10am-4pm. They want to provide good customer service for that they have skilled employes. They have a online contact from for customer. Who are the targets? Apple Doesnt Target Markets. It targets  People. Apple target alll people who wants to fullfil their needs and wants. The IPhone targets consumers who need to store information and communicate or people who want entertainment on the go. Apples target segments consist of professionals, students, corporate users, entrepreneurs, and health care workers. How are they targeted? Apple has never marketed Macs to enterprise customers, and only hired a skeleton sales crew to sell to such customers, but it has been advertising the iPhone and its business-related applications in The Wall Street Journal, Bloomberg BusinessWeek, and other business-friendly publications. Its also added Microsoft Exchange compatibility to the iPhone, as well as advanced, CIO-pleasing security. Apple lets the people decide how and where theyll use its products. Who are the apple iphone 4 competitor: the main competitor of iphone4 is Black Barry , which bring lots of technological product ,and also apple I phone has other competitors like HTC ,Nokia, Samsung etc. They are trying to bring new phone for caught the I phone market. For example Nokia bring Nokia N8 which is being new technology for customer. Are they joined with other company: Apple is an individual company; it is not owned buy any umbrella company. Apple sale their shares in the stock market.

Bangladesh Rmg Sector

For example, with the removal of the Multi- Fiber Agreement (MFC) in 2005, fear of imminent doom stroked in the hearts of the garments owners. Despite the adverse predictions of different studies, the ARM sector of Bangladesh managed to pull through the abolishment of the MFC unscathed. Bangladesh later secured a position under the Generalized System of Preference (SSP), which allowed the country to enjoy privileged trade links with the Western producers. However, after the most recent tragedy of Ran Plaza where more than 1200 garments workers lost their lives, the US government suspended the SP of Bangladesh.Even though EX. promised not to withdraw SSP for Bangladesh it comes with stipulations attached. In this circumstance, the question that everyone is compelled to ask themselves is- â€Å"Will the ARM sector of Bangladesh collapse with the recent crisis it is faced with, or will it be able to hold its ground? † The Evolutionary Path of the ARM Sector Before delving further into the recent crisis and its impacts, let's first identify the contribution of ARM sector in Bangladesh economy and its strengths that led to its immense growth over the last few decades.ARM sector is the highest foreign exchange generating sector of Bangladesh, constituting 79% of total export and around 22 percent of total GAP in FYI 2012-13. It is evident from graph 1 that the sector's contribution to total export and economy as a whole has only increased over time. Currently it employs 44 million worker 80% of which are women. Therefore, it would not be wrong to say that ARM sector has become the lifeline of Bangladesh economy.Graph: ARM export and Total Export hourly wage rate of ARM Sector source: BAGGAGE Graph 2: Minimum Source: ILL The global hegemony of Bangladesh in ARM sector can be ascribed to the fact that it enjoys a competitive advantage in terms of low wages and lax regulation that transformed into competitive global prices. With a minimum wage of USED 0. 26 per h our, the rate is one of lowest in the world (see Graph 2). The biggest earner of foreign exchange in Bangladesh has also been showered with favorable incentives such as back-to-back LLC, import and customs duty rebates and short and long term interest rates discount.Harnessing on its cheap labor, Bangladesh ARM sector has found a strong foothold to sustain on its own. For example, the MFC quota system which had initially acted in favor of the Bangladesh ARM sector was phased out in allowing the abolishment. According to the McKinney report 2011, Bangladesh has all the potential of becoming the no. 1 apparel sourcing hotshot replacing China. Buyers at the cost of labor wages According to Doug Miller, professor emeritus of supply chain ethics, â€Å"In Bangladesh, you have a glut of buyers in search of a cheap product wanting to place enormous orders, and the capacity is built hurriedly. With a clause of deferred payment in letter of credit (L/C) I. E. The formal loan agreement for p urchases, merchants in Bangladesh get products shipped out and release payments to manufacturers after months of delay of as much as 6 months. With payment being deferred, Bangladesh manufacturers are actually forced to subsidize the buyers. Garment-makers take loan, free of interest for 90 days, against the L/C in executing orders. So, for the period beyond 90 days, manufacturers have to fork out 1 PC interest.Moreover, an order worth a dollar that a buyer places actually does not add up to a dollar. On different pretexts and through underhand dealings, they take back almost 25 cents, leaving the manufacturers to complete the Job with the remaining 75 cents with which the manufacturer buy fabrics and accessories, make clothes, pay establishment costs, ship out clothes, and are expected to pay workers reasonably and make good profit as well. Factory installations are shoddy, workers' lock in and lead times are too tight- all in order to minimize costs and attend to stringent deadlin es.Since victims fear veering off foreign buyers, the central bank and garment owners' association has not yet initiated a reform. The Current Crisis Today there is a vast network of some 5,000 garment factories in Bangladesh, far more than any other low-wage country. They aim at churning out clothing quickly and cheaply without bothering to comply with rules and worker safety standards. Faced with a government imposed minimum wage of USED 38, the average factory owner seeks cost minimization by tweaking other variables such as infrastructure, power and freight.Such hard core profit seeking behavior has resulted in a regulatory disaster. According to Bangladesh institute of labor studies, at least 730 workers were killed and 4,700 garment workers have been injured in ARM accidents between years 1990 to 2012. Five deadly incidents from November 2012 through May 2013 brought rocker safety and labor violations in Bangladesh to world attention. However, the biggest, deadliest disaster s o far has been the collapse of the factory building in Saver which has led to the death of over 1100 workers.The fatal accidents occurring in regular interval have put the bright future of Bangladesh ARM sector in Jeopardy. One of the five criteria that buyers look into while evaluating a destination/country as a major sourcing market is risk (as outlined in a report by McKinney, 2011). Taking that into account, recent incidents in Bangladesh point out that there has been a age surge in the risk factor surrounding the readmes garments (ARM) sector in Bangladesh. Following the collapse of Ran Plaza, the Western companies are now already seeking new sources of ready-made garments.Well known companies already contemplating a move out, fearing that association with Bangladesh factories would damage their reputations. Low wage that once has been the main attraction circumstance it is only natural that competitors like China, India and Vietnam will snatch business away from Bangladesh. Re gulations The regulatory disaster that the Bangladesh ARM sector is facing now is a result of ears of negligence and malfeasance. Laws ensuring the rights of workers are in place, but are scattered, outdated and not enforced properly. A National Labor Law Commission was formed in 1992 to enact a Labor Code.The National Trade Union Leaders of The Labor Law Review Committee was reconstituted in 1998. However, workers' rights are highly violated and trade unions are very weak. In 2008, the government had enacted the Dacha Metropolitan Building (Construction, Development, Conservation and Demolition) Rules aimed at ensuring construction of any structure in the capital Dacha in compliance with the prevailing construction deadlines. However RAJAH, the Capital Development Authority, has failed to enforce the law seriously which further adds to the flimsy regulatory framework governing workers' safety.Regulatory Capture The failure by the governmental bodies in Bangladesh to ensure the prop er enactment of safety standards reflects â€Å"regulatory capture† that occurs when policymakers or regulatory bodies favor special interest groups rather than working in interest the public.. The perfect example would be the sanction of building permit of Ran Plaza in Saver. The design of the building was not architecturally sound but as granted by an RAJAH office that wasn't authorized to issue such permits to begin with but he did it anyway in exchange of bribe; thus serving the interest of the building owner.The regulatory agencies such as Ministry of Labor and RAJAH, created to act in public interest, instead advance the commercial or special concerns of interest groups that dominate the industry or sector it is charged with regulating. Understandably the authority seems to turn a blind eye on this very matter as at least 10 percent of Bangladesh parliament members are direct owners of about 5000 garment factories in Bangladesh.The apparent inter-involvement reflects in the way there have been no convictions on any of the major disasters that had resulted in hundreds of death and injuries prior to the collapse of the Ran Plaza building in Saver in May 2013. The businessmen-UCM-politicians fear the pullout of Western buyers responsible for their profit margins as well as Arm's contribution to the economy should the costs of implementing the regulations properly cause higher prices.Stakeholders' Response Since the collapse of the building Ran Plaza and the corresponding international attention it has received, the reputation of Bangladesh ARM sector and its international buyers are in Jeopardy. Companies like Disney, Orion etc have terminated import from Bangladesh while major US importers like Walter have not made any concrete commitment to improve the working conditions of the factories from which they import clothes for its outlets. Most of the big global companies have decided to stay and try to improve safety in their contractors' factories and build inspection of some factories under which millions work.The most severe blow that the Bangladesh ARM sector has faced after the Tragic Ran Plaza incident is the suspension of Generalized System of Preference (SSP) facility provided by the US overspent. This action comes as a result of Bangladesh government's failure to improve working conditions and ensure worker safety inside the country. In the short run, the suspension from US SSP is projected to reduce export by a meager 0. 8 % as ARM products (which make up most of the US import from Bangladesh) are not included in the list of duty-free products in SSP.However, the cancellation of SSP will translate to major export loss for industries like ceramic products, processed and frozen prawn, tobacco, etc as these products used to enjoy duty free entry in US market. Most importantly, Bangladesh image as a trade partner of the USA is tainted. Therefore, the prospect of future export growth of Bangladesh in US market seems dimmer a s this may discourage US and other foreign investors, new and old, from venturing into Bangladesh. Nonetheless, the US government has assured that the suspension is temporary and accordance with the provided guideline will result in reinstatement of the facility.The key points of the guidelines are * Fast track registration of unions * Increase the number of government labor inspector * Proper implementation of Factory standard and stricter punishment for failure to imply * Assess architectural soundness and fire safety of all apparel units * Close or relocate risky factories * A hotlist for workers to unanimously report fire, building safety and rights violation * Amend PEG law to match international standard * Prevent harassment and violation against labor activists and resolve ongoing dispute The repercussion of SSP suspension will be much more severe if adopted by European Union (ELI) since unlike USA, garments products enjoy SSP facility in ELI. EX. had previously threatened to remove preferential access of Bangladesh ARM reduces in EX. market if the government did not take measures to improve the working condition in Bangladesh factories. They have called for immediate safety improvements, and said they were considering changes in Bangladesh duty-free and quota-free status to encourage more responsible management by the country's garment industry.The United Nations labor agency, International Labor Organization (ILL) had also sent an inspecting team a week following the building collapse, and has called for greater commitment and social dialogue for the overall regulation of the ARM industry. ILL has welcomed an agreement signed by some international fashion brands and retailers, and trade unions to prevent workplace disasters. Thus there is increasing oversight by the international community to oversee the safety of the industry drivers. Response of Bangladesh Government and Regulatory Bodies Back home, the government of Bangladesh is working to amend t he Labor law to make it time-befitting as well as protect the interest, rights and security of workers. RAJAH has also started an inspection of unauthorized factory buildings.Moreover the Anti Corruption Commission (AC) will look into the alleged irregularities in the Manufacturers and Exporters Association (BAGGAGE) have also issued a list of tests and standards that must be met by all the factories. This list includes: reports of soil tests and structural design to assess the suitability of the building to be used as a factory, to remove generators from the roof to the ground floor, to install equipments that would aid in a disaster and so forth. These were requested of all factories and are to be submitted by the end of May, 2013. For the owners, the course of action is to initiate compliance with the international standards and assist BAGGAGE in all activities y providing the reports asked of in time.They also need to educate and train their workforce on the steps to take in the event of a disaster and also conduct regular fire drills. Response of Civil Society The civil society has also raised a voice and become increasingly involved in the brewing demand for regulatory reform. Not only have individuals and organizations offered assistance to the collapsed building victims but many have also offered corrective measures. Sir Faze Abed, founder of BRACE, has asserted that instead of Western buyers pulling out, the buyers should invest in ensuring workers' safety assure while the workers must also coalesce into unions and engage in collective bargaining.The government must also end neglecting worker safety issues and ensure Justice for the owners' criminal negligence. Nobel Laureate Dry. Muhammad Yuan's has recommended two proposals: one is for the Bangladesh government and foreign buyers to Jointly fix a minimum international wage level, and work on increasing labor productivity, specialized labor skills, and build buyers' trust in order to remain competiti ve. The second is to set up a Workers' Welfare Trust Fund, so that he international buying company will pay 10% of the amount it has agree to pay the garment factory owners to work in the welfare of the workers. A citizen action group can also be created in order to accelerate the positive changes taking place in business.Conclusion The ARM sector as the biggest foreign exchange earner in Bangladesh, is considered a â€Å"national treasure†, therefore a tacit bi-partisan agreement between the politicians and businessmen to protect it was an outcome, albeit blindly. However the failure of regulations and prevailing of criminal negligence can be mitigated by stricter law enforcement and by the presence of a proper non-partisan regulatory body or watchdog to ensure transparency, mitigated corruption and the assurance of worker safety. For the government, the most important action is to ensure enforceability of the steps that need to be undertaken. More often than not, it is seen that there is a flurry of activity right after an accident, which dies out soon with no significant changes that would prevent such an accident from being repeated.Trade unions and labor activism must not be shut down by the new Industrial Police to ensure transparency and accountability of the workers and their rights. The workers must be allowed to organize themselves and be allowed to function as gracious counterpart of the existing ARM owners' associations, not simply as appendages The ARM sector to demolish the entire sector if not addressed immediately. These include: poor infrastructure, low compliance to international standards, weak supplier performance and workforce supply, overconfidence on imported raw materials and lastly poor economic and political stability. The government must act swiftly to avert the impending doom one of the most important industries in the Bangladesh

Samples of Time Management Essay for Dnp Program Secrets That No One Else Knows About

Samples of Time Management Essay for Dnp Program Secrets That No One Else Knows About The Samples of Time Management Essay for Dnp Program Cover Up The third portion of the technique is Streamlining, which is all about the things you might not like to do, but you must do somehow. If you have to, keep a comprehensive collection of the things which you must complete during the day to be able to make sure that you don't lose an eye on your time. If you follow the suggestions listed here, you will shortly discover that managing your time is an easy task. A fantastic place to begin to manage your time more effectively is to deal with the matter of your upward leaping monkeys. Samples of Time Management Essay for Dnp Program Options So, the very first thing you may anticipate from effective time management is to become more time to think which lets you fix everyday problems easily. Try to remember, you don't have a good deal of room. You can have a general idea in which portion of the room what you're searching for may be, but you're wasting precious time and energy digging for those situations you will need. You've invested a great deal of time and energy. The next time you leave for work in the early hours, have a look at your watch the moment you make it in the car. Dust less often, unless somebody in your family has allergy difficulties. In order to come up with and advance in your private life, it's vital to understand how to utilize your time wisely. The remaining part of the time is wasted! The Supreme Approach to Samples of Time Management Essay for Dnp Program So the very first key to time management is to procure a REALISTIC estimate of the time that it takes you to accomplish nearly all of the tasks you perform each day. The contemporary techniques of time management use various methods of recording time to assist you determine the barriers to effective use of time. It is a prime skill that they must learn. It is commonly defined as the management of time in order to make the most out of it. Doctor of Nursing Practice is a degree that permits a nurse to be a nurse practitioner after getting the most suitable creden tials. TUN program outcome often make sure that there's a consistent dispensing of wisdom and skills to get rid of health disparities and promoting patient safety and the achievement of excellence in practice. You may receive a complete collection of qualified nursing organizations at Nurse.org. My practice in the specialty of psychiatric nursing has enabled me to determine different strengths whom I need to develop over time. Now, time management operates by allowing you to have the review time It's so important to examine whatever your work is, while it's a presentation or a board meeting. The activities that you do within the time frame you've got available. 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